How does a powerbank work?

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Power banks. They solve a problem that we never used to have. A generation ago, cell phones weren’t that important. A decade ago, a charger that was less than one inch on each side was all we need to keep going. Today it seems like a power bank is a must-have if you’re traveling. I know people who keep them in the car for emergencies. They fill an important need today: more power. If your phone is your best connection to the rest of the world, and it doesn’t even last a day on a charge, you need something to help you keep it charged easily.

Why have a power bank?

Truth is, you know the answer to this question. We love our phones. We love being connected. Try to go a day without touching yours, I bet you can’t. We panic when we leave them at home, and we use them for everything from keeping in touch with friends to opening the doors to our homes. Some cars even use them as keys.

Yet, phones have a problem. While it was pretty common to get a week on a full charge ten years ago, many people have trouble lasting a full day on their phones now. It’s become an obsessive routine: charge them all night, keep them on a charger at work, charge them in the car and charge them at home. We keep asking for more stuff from our phones and their batteries just can’t keep up. Of course phones lasted for a week on a charge in 2008 because all we did was talk on them. Today things are a little different. Unfortunately, even though today’s phone is nothing like the phones of the last decades, today’s batteries aren’t really all that different. There have been some small jumps in battery tech but they aren’t enough to keep up. Batteries today would have to be about 100 times more powerful to keep up with demand and they just aren’t.

A power bank solves some of that problem. By keeping a larger, charged power bank with you, you know that you’ll be able to keep that phone running when you need to. It’s a little bit of a paradox, but we want these light and slim phones yet we’re willing to haul around a power bank that’s twice as big as the phone. Oh well, that’s life in the 21st century.

A little off topic: why aren’t batteries better today?

We’re all very accustomed to the idea that electronics will get smaller, cheaper, and more powerful every year. That doesn’t seem to be the case with batteries, though. There have definitely been some improvements along the way, but nothing like the massive changes in computer processing we expect.

Improvements in computer technology are driven largely by improvements in manufacturing. Where we used to marvel at a million transistors on a chip, today’s chips can fit close to ten billion transistors in the same space. Where we used to build new chip factories, today we’re finding ways to make the ones we have more efficient.

Unfortunately, the same can’t be said for battery design. Most of the issues with batteries aren’t about how we make them. They’re about basic chemistry. Today’s rechargeable battery technology was invented back in the 1990s and hasn’t changed a whole lot since. Every year we hear about potentially huge improvements in batteries but somehow they never get it to market. Maybe that will change some day, but today we’re still essentially working with the same batteries that ran your Game Boy.

A miracle? No way.

A power bank would seem like some sort of miraculous thing but cut one open and you’ll find something awfully familiar. I found this image on the internet while I was looking for a power bank to cut open.

Most power banks are some sort of variation on this. Cut one open and you’ll see a little bit of circuitry, and at least on AA rechargeable battery. And these aren’t some special batteries that just look like AAs, they’re really AAs. More advanced or capable ones use larger batteries like the 18650, which is engineered to be more efficient than most consumer batteries. Some use custom-sized gel packs, which forego the thick outer shell of most batteries and can be made to nearly any shape. But in the end what you have is a battery and a bit of circuitry.

All of a sudden that super-cool amazing power banks are just, you know, batteries. That doesn’t make them less necessary, but it does make them maybe a little less cool. Even the super-capable power banks we have at Solid Signal are really just off-the-shelf batteries with enough circuitry wrapped around them to let them charge and discharge when you want.

But why reinvent the wheel?

A typical decent rechargeable AA battery gives you about 2,000mAh. That means it can run a 1.5 watt device like a cell phone for about 2 hours. That’s enough to get up to 90% charge pretty easily. If you want fast charging, combine more than one battery so you can get more watts out.

Even though the battery technology in a power bank is nowhere near as advanced as the technology in your phone, it doesn’t matter. We’re just fine with our power banks being heavy and clunky. That means power banks using off the shelf batteries, with their heavy metal outer cases, work really well.

The only other thing you’ll find in your average power bank is a little tiny bit of circuitry that lets you charge it, lets it know when something’s plugged into it, and usually there’s some sort of indicator of how much that it’s charged. In today’s world that’s about a quarter’s worth of electronics, and it’s certainly not high tech. But again, why worry about super high technology? People aren’t ever going to pay $1,000 for a power bank. We want them to be reasonably priced, and off-the-shelf equipment makes that happen.

Could you make your own power bank?

Yes, I’m sure it would be pretty easy with a combination of parts you could buy online. You’d need a battery, a few connectors and a transformer and maybe another bit or two. I have to wonder why you would, because the parts would probably cost more than the equivalent power bank.

Folks, you know you use power banks because you want to stay connected. That means if you only have one, maybe you need more than one. When you’re ready to shop for power banks or any other gadgets, check out Solid Signal! If you have questions about any of the products we sell, call us at 888-233-7563 or fill out the form below.

About the Author

Stuart Sweet
Stuart Sweet is the editor-in-chief of The Solid Signal Blog and a "master plumber" at Signal Group, LLC. He is the author of over 10,000 articles and longform tutorials including many posted here. Reach him by clicking on "Contact the Editor" at the bottom of this page.